Bond Yield to Maturity (YTM) Calculator
The institutional Hawawini-Vora / street approximation computes Bond Yield to Maturity by dividing annualized total return (coupon plus amortized discount/premium) by the average of par and market price.
Annualized total bond yield held to maturity in percent
Total annual cash coupon paid per bond
Principal redemption value at maturity
Clean secondary-market price of the bond
Remaining years until principal redemption
Step-by-Step Calculation
The institutional Hawawini-Vora / street approximation computes Bond Yield to Maturity by dividing annualized total return (coupon plus amortized discount/premium) by the average of par and market price.
Real-World Reference Values
Accreted capital gain boosts yield above nominal coupon
Zero capital gain or amortization drag
Amortized premium reduces effective yield to maturity
20-Row Comparison Table
Yield to Maturity (YTM (%)) · Annual Coupon Payment (C)
| # | Annual Coupon Payment ($) | Yield to Maturity (YTM (%)) | Δ % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | 0 $ | 1.0417 | -81.82% |
| 02 | 5.9868 $ | 1.6653 | -70.93% |
| 03 | 11.9737 $ | 2.2889 | -60.05% |
| 04 | 17.9605 $ | 2.9126 | -49.16% |
| 05 | 23.9474 $ | 3.5362 | -38.28% |
| 06 | 29.9342 $ | 4.1598 | -27.39% |
| 07 | 35.9211 $ | 4.7834 | -16.51% |
| 08 | 41.9079 $ | 5.4071 | -5.62% |
| 09 | 45 $Current | 5.7292 | 0.00% |
| 10 | 53.8816 $ | 6.6543 | +16.15% |
| 11 | 59.8684 $ | 7.278 | +27.03% |
| 12 | 65.8553 $ | 7.9016 | +37.92% |
| 13 | 71.8421 $ | 8.5252 | +48.80% |
| 14 | 77.8289 $ | 9.1488 | +59.69% |
| 15 | 83.8158 $ | 9.7725 | +70.57% |
| 16 | 89.8026 $ | 10.3961 | +81.46% |
| 17 | 95.7895 $ | 11.0197 | +92.34% |
| 18 | 101.7763 $ | 11.6434 | +103.23% |
| 19 | 107.7632 $ | 12.267 | +114.11% |
| 20 | 113.75 $ | 12.8906 | +125.00% |
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I solve for a bond's market price P given a target market YTM?+
Select P (Current Market Price) as the target variable. The engine algebraically inverts the YTM equation to price the bond immediately.
Why do bond prices move inversely to Yield to Maturity?+
Fixed cash coupons become less valuable when prevailing market discount rates rise, requiring the secondary price P to fall until total yield matches the market.
Does this work for zero-coupon bonds?+
Yes. Set C = 0 to price or evaluate pure discount zero-coupon instruments.