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03 // Bidirectional STEM Calculators // ENGINEERINGQ = A × v

Pipe Continuity & Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator

Conservation of mass for incompressible fluid flow dictates that volumetric flow rate Q equals the product of cross-sectional flow area A and mean fluid velocity v: Q = A × v.

Q = A × v
Pick which value you want to calculate (or type into any field):Solving for: Q — Volumetric Flow Rate
Calculated

Volume of fluid passing per second (switch unit to L/min or GPM)

0.00001100

Internal pipe flow area in m² (A = πD²/4)

0.0000150

Average axial fluid speed in m/s

0.0550
Calculated Result · Volumetric Flow Rate (Q)
0.025m³/s
Converted units:

Step-by-Step Calculation

01Canonical Law: Q = A × v
02Given Inputs (Base Units): A = 0.01 m², v = 2.5 m/s
03Solve for Q (Volumetric Flow Rate): Q = 0.025 m³/s

Conservation of mass for incompressible fluid flow dictates that volumetric flow rate Q equals the product of cross-sectional flow area A and mean fluid velocity v: Q = A × v.

Real-World Reference Values

Pumped Water Supply Linev = 1.5 – 2.5 m/s

Optimal velocity balancing pipe cost vs erosion/water hammer

Pump Suction Headerv = 0.6 – 1.2 m/s

Low velocity preserves Net Positive Suction Head (NPSHa)

Compressed Air Mainv = 6.0 – 10.0 m/s

Low-pressure-drop pneumatic distribution

20-Row Comparison Table

Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) · Cross-Sectional Pipe Area (A)

Pipe Continuity & Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator — Cross-Sectional Pipe Area → Volumetric Flow Rate
#Cross-Sectional Pipe Area (m²)Volumetric Flow Rate (m³/s)Δ %
010.01 m²Current0.025 m³/s0.00%
020.362378 m²0.905945 m³/s+3523.78%
030.724746 m²1.8119 m³/s+7147.46%
041.0871 m²2.7178 m³/s+10771.13%
051.4495 m²3.6237 m³/s+14394.81%
061.8118 m²4.5296 m³/s+18018.49%
072.1742 m²5.4355 m³/s+21642.17%
082.5366 m²6.3415 m³/s+25265.85%
092.899 m²7.2474 m³/s+28889.53%
103.2613 m²8.1533 m³/s+32513.20%
113.6237 m²9.0592 m³/s+36136.88%
123.9861 m²9.9651 m³/s+39760.56%
134.3484 m²10.8711 m³/s+43384.24%
144.7108 m²11.777 m³/s+47007.92%
155.0732 m²12.6829 m³/s+50631.60%
165.4355 m²13.5888 m³/s+54255.27%
175.7979 m²14.4947 m³/s+57878.95%
186.1603 m²15.4007 m³/s+61502.63%
196.5226 m²16.3066 m³/s+65126.31%
206.885 m²17.2125 m³/s+68749.99%
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Frequently Asked Questions

Can I view flow rate Q in Liters/min (L/min) or US Gallons/min (GPM)?+

Yes. Use the inline unit dropdown on Q to switch seamlessly between m³/s, L/s, L/min, and US GPM.

What happens to velocity when pipe diameter halves?+

Because circular area scales with diameter squared (A = πD²/4), halving diameter reduces area to ¼ and quadruples fluid velocity v.

How do I convert volumetric flow rate Q to mass flow rate ṁ?+

Multiply volumetric flow rate Q (in m³/s) by fluid density ρ (in kg/m³) to get mass flow rate ṁ in kg/s.